| What you're seeing | Most common causes | What I do about it |
| No power at all, no fans, no lights | Power supply, front-panel switch, a short on the board, or a dead outlet or strip | Power supply load test, board-level checks, PSU replacement |
| Fans spin, screen stays black | Memory not seated or unstable, graphics card, monitor cable in the wrong port, failed POST | Debug LED and beep code diagnosis, reseat and swap testing |
| Restarts or shuts off on its own, especially in games | Power supply dropping out under load, overheating, unstable memory profile, hidden blue screen | Restart diagnosis: load test, temperature logging, memory test |
| Artifacts, colored lines, crashes in games | Graphics card overheating or failing, driver corruption, power supply too weak for the card | GPU testing, repaste, or graphics card replacement |
| Loud fans, grinding, whining, rattling | Dust, dried thermal paste, a dying fan bearing, a failing hard drive, an AIO pump | Noise diagnosis, cleaning and thermal service, fan replacement |
| Slow to boot, slow to open anything | Mechanical hard drive as the boot drive, low RAM, malware, a failing SSD | Drive health check, NVMe SSD upgrade with your Windows install cloned across, virus removal |
| Blue screens, freezing, "inaccessible boot device" | Failing drive, bad memory, driver conflicts, a Windows update that went wrong | Memory and drive testing, Windows repair or clean install, WHEA error diagnosis |
| Won't boot after a storm or outage | Power supply or board damage from a surge, corrupted boot files | Surge damage assessment, PSU replacement, boot repair |
| Clicking drive, missing files, "drive not accessible" | Failing hard drive or SSD | Stop using it. Data recovery from $199, in-house, nothing shipped out |
| Won't upgrade to Windows 11 | TPM or Secure Boot off, legacy BIOS mode, or a processor Microsoft doesn't support | Firmware fix, platform upgrade or new build |
This page is about desktop towers. Laptops, Macs and business IT are covered on the main computer repair in New Jersey page.